latency

LAY-tuhn-see /ˈleɪ.tən.si/
nounC1TOEFLIELTSGREGMAT
formaltechnical

The time delay between sending a signal or command and receiving the response over a network.

In video calling, high latency causes audio delays, awkward overlapping speech, and lip-sync issues.

The story behind the word. From the Latin 'latere' (to lie hidden). For centuries, 'latency' referred to hidden diseases or dormant talents. In computing, it was re-purposed to measure hidden time delays lurking beneath network transmissions.

Word relationships

  • lag: 'Lag' is informal everyday slang for network delay, while 'latency' is the precise technical measurement term.
  • immediacy: Immediacy implies instant transmission without measurable delay.

Commonly confused with

  • bandwidth: Latency measures time delay (milliseconds), while bandwidth measures network throughput capacity (Mbps).

Word family

  • latent (adjective): Existing but hidden, dormant, or not yet visible.

Collocations

  • high latency
  • low latency
  • reduce latency
  • audio latency

Example sentences

  • "High network latency caused a noticeable two-second delay between when the speaker spoke and when the audio reached participants." Network performance analysis

Memory hook

LATENCY comes from LATE: network responses arriving late. The hidden delay.

When not to use

Do not use 'latency' to describe long-term human procrastination; reserve it for signal delay or medical latency states.

Fun facts

  • Financial trading firms spend millions of dollars reducing network latency by single milliseconds to execute stock trades faster.

Related words

bandwidth, glitch

LangBlitz
Take your vocabulary further with LangBlitz

Our English vocabulary app: FSRS spaced repetition, 5,000+ curated words across 119 topic groups, CEFR A1 to C2. Explore your mastery with the beautiful Vocabulary World feature.