exasperate

ig-ZAS-puh-rayt /ɪɡˈzæs.pə.reɪt/
verbC1GRESATGMAT
formalgeneral

To irritate intensely; provoke to anger or annoyance.

Involves patience being completely exhausted by repeated annoyances or obstinate behavior.

The story behind the word. Rooted in Latin 'ex-' (thoroughly) and 'asper' (rough), exasperate literally means 'to make thoroughly rough'. When applied to human emotion, it refers to rubbing someone's temper raw through constant friction.

Word relationships

  • infuriate: Infuriate triggers explosive rage; exasperate tires out someone's patience until they react angrily.
  • soothe: Soothe means to calm or make peaceful.
  • placate: Placate means to make someone less angry by granting concessions.

Commonly confused with

  • exacerbate: Exacerbate means to make a problem or disease worse; exasperate means to frustrate or annoy a person.

Word family

  • exasperation (noun): A feeling of intense irritation or annoyance.
  • exasperated (adjective): Intensely irritated and frustrated.

Collocations

  • thoroughly exasperate
  • tendency to exasperate
  • exasperate the public

Idioms & expressions

  • at the end of one's rope
  • drive up the wall

Example sentences

  • "Repeated computer glitches began to exasperate the software development team." Professional frustration
  • "Her child's refusal to put on shoes served only to exasperate her further on a busy morning." Parental context

Memory hook

EXASPERATE: EX + ASPER (rough). Making your nerves rough until you snap. Roughing up your patience.

When not to use

Avoid using for sudden, violent rage; exasperation is a slow wear-down of patience.

Fun facts

  • The root 'asper' also appears in the English word 'asperity', meaning harshness of tone or weather.

Related words

fuming, seethe

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