vindictive
vin-DIK-tiv
/vɪnˈdɪk.tɪv/
Having or showing a strong or unreasoning desire for revenge.
Focuses specifically on revenge-seeking behavior, relentlessly pursuing paybacks for past wrongs.
The story behind the word. From Latin 'vindicta' (vengeance, revenge), rooted in 'vindex' (a champion, avenger, or claimant in Roman law). Originally linked to legal redress, it acquired a darker psychological tone describing people obsessed with getting even.
Word relationships
- vengeful: Vengeful describes a direct desire for revenge, while vindictive often describes a pettier, ongoing pattern of payback.
- unforgiving: Unforgiving means refusing to pardon, while vindictive actively seeks to harm the offender in response.
- forgiving: Forgiving means ready and willing to pardon mistreatment.
- merciful: Merciful involves exercising restraint and compassion toward offenders.
Commonly confused with
- vindicated: Vindicated means proven right or cleared of blame; vindictive means seeking revenge.
Word family
- vindictiveness (noun): A strong desire for revenge.
- vindictively (adverb): In a vindictive manner.
Collocations
- vindictive nature
- vindictive pleasure
- vindictive campaign
Example sentences
- "He was not naturally vindictive, but the long years in prison had hardened his spirit." Classic novel
- "The ex-spouse filed dozens of vindictive lawsuits solely to exhaust the defendant's finances." Legal battle
Memory hook
A VINDICTIVE person seeks VICTORY through revenge. Obsessed with getting revenge.
When not to use
Do not use to describe general anger; vindictive requires an obsession with getting payback.
Fun facts
- 'Vindicate' and 'vindictive' come from the same Latin 'vindex', but 'vindicate' evolved positively (clearing one's name) while 'vindictive' stayed negative.
Explore more words
vindictiveness, vengeance, retributive, vendetta, avenge, spiteful
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