turbulence
TUR-byuh-luhns
/ˈtɜːrbjʊləns/
Violent or unsteady movement of air or water, or a state of confusion and lack of order.
In fluid dynamics, it refers to chaotic, non-linear flow; in general usage, it refers to bumpy flights or social/economic chaos.
The story behind the word. From the Latin 'turbulentia', meaning trouble or commotion, which itself comes from 'turba', meaning a crowd, mob, or noisy confusion. It shares a root with 'disturb' and 'turbid' (cloudy water).
Word relationships
- instability: Instability is a state of being unstable, whereas turbulence is the active, chaotic motion resulting from that instability.
- laminar flow: Laminar flow is smooth, parallel, and orderly fluid movement, the exact opposite of turbulent flow.
Commonly confused with
- disturbance: A disturbance is any interruption of peace, while turbulence specifically implies chaotic, swirling, or violent physical motion.
Word family
- turbulent (adjective): Characterized by conflict, disorder, or confusion; not controlled or calm.
- turbulently (adverb): In a wild, chaotic, or turbulent manner.
Collocations
- severe turbulence
- clear-air turbulence
- encounter turbulence
Example sentences
- "The airplane encountered severe turbulence over the Rocky Mountains, causing the cabin crew to suspend the meal service." Commercial flight experience
- "The decade was marked by political turbulence, with rapid changes in leadership and frequent public protests." Political history
Memory hook
Think of a crowd of people pushing in all directions—that's a 'turbulent' crowd, just like chaotic air. Chaotic movement.
When not to use
Do not use to describe simple, steady wind; it must involve chaotic, swirling, or unpredictable motion.
Fun facts
- Clear-air turbulence (CAT) is completely invisible to the naked eye and radar, making it one of the most challenging phenomena for pilots to avoid.
Explore more words
Disorder, upheaval, tempest, chaos, Fluctuation, disturbance
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