Expansion

ik-SPAN-shun /ɪkˈspænʃən/
nounB2GRESATTOEFLIELTS
FormalStandard

A phase of the business cycle characterized by increasing economic activity, rising employment, and growing production.

Expansion is the period between a trough and a peak in the business cycle. It signifies a healthy, growing economy, but unchecked expansion can lead to inflation.

The story behind the word. The word 'expansion' comes from the Latin 'expansio,' meaning 'a spreading out.' It's formed from 'ex-' (out) and 'pandere' (to spread, stretch). In English, it's been used since the 15th century to describe the act of spreading out or increasing in size, and its economic application to a period of growth is a natural extension of this idea.

Word relationships

  • growth: General term for increase, 'expansion' specifically refers to a phase in the business cycle.
  • boom: Often implies a more rapid and perhaps unsustainable period of expansion.
  • contraction: A phase of the business cycle characterized by decreasing economic activity.
  • recession: A specific type of contraction defined by a fall in GDP.

Word family

  • expand (verb): to become or make larger or more extensive
  • expansive (adjective): covering a wide area in scope or content

Collocations

  • economic expansion
  • period of expansion
  • sustained expansion
  • rapid expansion
  • business expansion

Example sentences

  • "Following the recession, the economy entered a period of robust expansion, with new businesses opening and unemployment rates falling." Describing the business cycle.
  • "Analysts predict a continued expansion in the tech sector, driven by innovation and consumer demand." An analyst's report.

Memory hook

Think of the economy 'expanding' like a balloon getting bigger. Economy Spreads Out

When not to use

Do not use 'expansion' to describe a single company's growth if you mean the overall economy; use 'company growth' or 'market share increase' instead.

Fun facts

  • The longest economic expansion in U.S. history lasted from March 1991 to March 2001, a full decade.
  • Economists often look at leading indicators to predict when an expansion might begin or end.
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