scarcity

SKAIR-suh-tee /ˈskeərsəti/
nounB2SATGMATIELTS
economicformal

The state of being in short supply; shortage.

In economics, scarcity is the fundamental problem of having seemingly unlimited human wants in a world of limited resources.

The story behind the word. From the Old French 'eschars,' which meant stingy or rare. It eventually evolved to describe the objective state of a resource being limited, rather than the character of a person.

Word relationships

  • shortage: Shortage is often temporary (like a gas shortage); scarcity is often a permanent condition of resources.
  • abundance: A very large quantity of something.

Commonly confused with

  • rarity: Rarity means something is unusual or hard to find; scarcity means there isn't enough of it to meet demand.

Word family

  • scarce (adjective): Insufficient for the demand.
  • scarcely (adverb): Only just; almost not.

Collocations

  • water scarcity
  • resource scarcity
  • relative scarcity
  • scarcity of food

Example sentences

  • "The scarcity of skilled labor has driven up wages in the tech industry." Economic principle.
  • "Water scarcity is expected to become a major source of international conflict in the next century." Environmental warning.

Memory hook

Scarcity = Scarce City. Imagine a city where everything is hard to find. Scarcity = Not enough.

When not to use

Don't use it for something that is rare but not needed (like a 'scarcity of purple elephants').

Fun facts

  • The 'Scarcity Principle' in psychology suggests that people value things more when they believe they are in short supply.

Related words

dearth, famine, deprivation

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