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burnout

BURN-out /ˈbɜːrnaʊt/

nounB2IELTSTOEFL

ProfessionalColloquial

The state of having no energy or enthusiasm because of working too hard, or because a situation has become too difficult.

It is more than just being tired; it is a clinical syndrome involving emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and a reduced sense of personal accomplishment.

The story behind the word. While 'burn out' has been used for fires since the 1500s, it was first applied to psychological exhaustion in the 1970s by psychologist Herbert Freudenberger, who observed it in volunteer clinic workers.

Word relationships

exhaustion: 'Exhaustion' is purely physical or mental tiredness; 'burnout' includes a loss of motivation and meaning.
fatigue: 'Fatigue' is a symptom; 'burnout' is a complex condition resulting from chronic stress.

engagement: The state of being involved, energetic, and enthusiastic about work.
vigor: Physical strength and good health.

Commonly confused with

stress: 'Stress' is the pressure; 'burnout' is the result of failing to manage that pressure over time.

Word family

burn out (verb): To become exhausted through overwork.

Collocations

suffer from burnout
job burnout
prevent burnout
signs of burnout

Idioms & expressions

burn the candle at both ends

Example sentences

"The high pressure of the job led to severe burnout among the nursing staff." Discussing workplace stress.
"Burnout is what happens when you try to avoid being human for too long." A quote about self-care. (Michael Gungor)

Memory hook

Like a candle that has 'burned out' its wax, you have no more energy left to give. The empty candle.

When not to use

Don't use it for a single long day of work; it describes a chronic, long-term state of depletion.

Fun facts

The World Health Organization (WHO) officially recognized burnout as an 'occupational phenomenon' in 2019.