insolvency

in-SOL-vun-see /ɪnˈsɒl.vən.si/
nounC1GREGMATUPSC
FormalFinancialLegal

The financial state of being unable to pay debts when due, or having debts exceeding asset value.

Insolvency is the underlying financial state; bankruptcy is the formal judicial court process.

The story behind the word. From Latin 'solvere', meaning 'to untie' or 'discharge debt'. Joined with prefix 'in-' (not), insolvency literally means being tied down by debts you cannot loosen.

Word relationships

  • bankruptcy: Bankruptcy is the legal judicial process; insolvency is the underlying condition of unpayable debts.
  • solvency: The financial condition of having assets that comfortably exceed debts.

Commonly confused with

  • illiquidity: Illiquidity means lacking immediate cash despite holding assets; insolvency means total debt exceeds asset value.

Word family

  • insolvent (adjective): Unable to pay debts.
  • solvent (adjective): Financially sound and debt-capable.

Collocations

  • insolvency proceedings
  • file for insolvency
  • balance-sheet insolvency

Idioms & expressions

  • in the red

Example sentences

  • "Excessive debt burdens forced the real estate developer into corporate insolvency." Financial distress
  • "The court stepped in to oversee operations after the enterprise declared formal insolvency." Corporate restructuring

Memory hook

IN-SOLVENT means you cannot SOLVE your debt. Inability to pay debts.

When not to use

Do not confuse with temporary tight cash flow if long-term assets still exceed debts.

Fun facts

  • In corporate law, 'cash-flow insolvency' means missing due payments, while 'balance-sheet insolvency' means total debts outweigh assets.

Related words

liability, statute

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