alienation

ay-lee-uh-NAY-shuhn /ˌeɪliəˈneɪʃən/
nounC1GRESATIELTS
AcademicSociological

The state or experience of being isolated from a group, activity, world, or one's own true self.

Describes emotional estrangement, where an individual feels like a stranger within society or within their own life.

The story behind the word. Derived from Latin alienus, meaning 'belonging to another'. In legal terms, 'alienation' was transferring property to another; philosophers repurposed it to describe transferring one's own agency away until one feels foreign to oneself.

Word relationships

  • estrangement: Estrangement often applies to interpersonal relationships; alienation implies broader psychological or structural separation.
  • integration: The process of bringing individuals into full, harmonious participation in a group.

Commonly confused with

  • isolation: Isolation is physical or literal distance; alienation is psychological separation even while surrounded by others.

Word family

  • alienate (verb): To cause someone to feel isolated or estranged.
  • alienated (adjective): Feeling disconnected from others or self.

Collocations

  • sense of alienation
  • social alienation
  • cultural alienation
  • prevent alienation

Idioms & expressions

  • feeling like an outsider

Example sentences

  • "Industrial automation led to worker alienation as employees felt disconnected from the final product." Sociology
  • "Living in a vast metropolis left him with a deep sense of social alienation." Psychology

Memory hook

ALIENation makes you feel like an ALIEN among your own people. Feeling like a foreigner to yourself.

When not to use

Avoid using it when you simply mean 'disliking someone'; it implies structural or internal disconnection.

Fun facts

  • Karl Marx made alienation a core concept in political economy to describe workers under industrial capitalism.
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