rationalism
RASH-uh-nuhl-iz-uhm
/ˈræʃ.ən.ə.lɪz.əm/
The philosophical doctrine that reason, rather than sensory experience, is the primary source and test of knowledge.
Emphasizes innate concepts, logical proof, and pure intellectual truth independent of physical observation.
The story behind the word. Traces back to the Latin 'ratio', meaning calculation or reasoning. Enlightenment philosophers adopted the term to distinguish systems built on pure logical proof from those anchored in faith or physical observation.
Word relationships
- intellectualism: Intellectualism focuses broadly on the intellect over emotion, whereas rationalism specifically posits reason as the foundation of knowledge.
- empiricism: Empiricism claims all knowledge arises primarily from sensory experience rather than pure reason.
Commonly confused with
- rationality: Rationality is the general trait of acting sensibly, while rationalism is a specific philosophical doctrine about knowledge.
Word family
- rationalist (noun): A philosopher or thinker who adheres to rationalism.
- rationalistic (adjective): Relating to or characterized by rationalism.
Collocations
- philosophical rationalism
- embrace rationalism
- pure rationalism
Example sentences
- "Descartes was a prominent defender of rationalism, arguing that fundamental truths can be known by pure intellect." History of Philosophy
Memory hook
RATIONALism relies strictly on RATIOnal mathematical calculation, not physical senses. Mind over physical matter.
When not to use
Do not confuse with general good sense or practical everyday decision-making.
Fun facts
- Spinoza believed that God, nature, and the cosmos could be derived like geometric proofs through pure rationalism.
Related words
Explore more words
nihilism, empirical, Rationality, theology, objectivity, rationalize
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