echolocation

ek-oh-loh-KAY-shun /ˌek.oʊ.loʊˈkeɪ.ʃən/
nounB2SATTOEFLIELTS
scientificgeneral

The location of objects by reflected sound, used by certain animals such as bats and cetaceans, and in sonar devices.

Combines active sound emission with cognitive mapping based on returning echo timing and frequency shifts.

The story behind the word. Coined in 1944 by American zoologist Donald Griffin. He combined Greek 'echo' (nymph of repeating sound) with Latin 'locatio' (a placing) to describe how bats navigate total darkness by emitting high-pitch sound pulses.

Word relationships

  • biosonar: 'Biosonar' refers specifically to biological systems, whereas 'echolocation' can describe both animal navigation and artificial systems.
  • vision: Vision relies on electromagnetic light waves, whereas echolocation relies on reflected acoustic waves.

Commonly confused with

  • sonar: Sonar is the man-made technological apparatus, whereas echolocation encompasses both natural animal navigation and general sound mapping.

Word family

  • echolocate (verb): To navigate or find objects using reflected sound.

Collocations

  • use echolocation
  • biological echolocation
  • echolocation clicks
  • echolocation pulses

Example sentences

  • "Dolphins rely on echolocation to detect prey in murky coastal waters where visibility is near zero." Marine Biology
  • "Some blind individuals train themselves in human echolocation by clicking their tongues to navigate urban spaces." Neuroscience

Memory hook

ECHO + LOCATION = finding your LOCATION using an ECHO. ECHOLOCATION maps space with echoes.

When not to use

Do not confuse with passive hearing, which merely receives ambient environmental sound.

Fun facts

  • Some moth species have evolved ultrasonic jammer calls specifically designed to confuse bat echolocation during night chases.

Related words

ultrasonic, frequency

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