neurosis

nyoo-ROH-sis /njʊəˈrəʊ.sɪs/
nounC1GRESAT
clinicalhistoricalpsychological

A relatively mild mental distress or disorder involving chronic anxiety, obsessive thoughts, or emotional instability, without loss of contact with reality.

Unlike psychosis, contact with reality remains intact; the individual experiences heightened distress, anxiety, or compulsive habits.

The story behind the word. Coined in 1769 by Scottish physician William Cullen, 'neurosis' originally referred to general disorders of the nervous system without fever, before Freud repurposed it for psychological conflicts.

Word relationships

  • anxiety disorder: Modern psychiatric terminology replacing classical neurosis classifications.
  • emotional instability: Descriptive term focusing on emotional reactivity.
  • emotional stability: The state of maintaining psychological balance under stress.

Commonly confused with

  • psychosis: In neurosis, the patient retains reality contact; in psychosis, reality testing is impaired.

Word family

  • neurotic (adjective): Suffering from or characteristic of neurosis; prone to anxiety.
  • neurotically (adverb): In an excessively anxious or compulsive manner.

Collocations

  • anxiety neurosis
  • obsessional neurosis
  • cardiac neurosis
  • underlying neurosis

Example sentences

  • "Freud postulated that repressed childhood memories were a primary driver of adult neurosis." Historical Psychoanalysis
  • "Her obsessive need for order was seen as a mild neurosis that spiked during periods of intense work stress." Psychological Observation

Memory hook

NEURO (nerve) + OSIS (condition). Nervous emotional distress without losing contact with reality. Nervous anxiety with reality intact.

When not to use

Avoid assuming this is a formal main diagnostic category in modern DSM manuals, as it has been reclassified into specific anxiety and mood disorders.

Fun facts

  • Although dropped as a formal clinical diagnostic category in DSM-III in 1980, 'neuroticism' remains one of the Big Five personality traits.

Related words

psychosis, phobia

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