socialization

soh-shul-ih-ZAY-shun /ˌsoʊ.ʃəl.əˈzeɪ.ʃən/
nounB2IELTSTOEFLUPSC
academicsociological

The lifelong developmental process through which individuals learn and internalize the values, norms, and behaviors of their culture.

Covers both intentional teaching by adults and implicit absorption of societal norms by children.

The story behind the word. Derived from Latin 'socius' (companion). The word gained its modern sociological meaning in the late 19th century through French sociologist Émile Durkheim's theories on how society shapes individual mindsets.

Word relationships

  • enculturation: Enculturation focuses specifically on learning a particular culture's traits, whereas socialization includes general social skill development.
  • isolation: Isolation involves separation from social structures, preventing normative learning.

Commonly confused with

  • socializing: Socializing is spending recreational time with others, while socialization is the acquisition of cultural rules.

Word family

  • socialize (verb): To teach or train to fit into society.
  • social (adjective): Relating to society or companionship.

Collocations

  • primary socialization
  • secondary socialization
  • gender socialization
  • socialization agent

Example sentences

  • "Primary socialization occurs within the family, where young children absorb basic moral standards and cultural codes." Sociological analysis

Memory hook

SOCIAL-ization turns a biological baby into a SOCIALLY functional citizen. How society writes its rules onto human minds.

When not to use

Do not confuse socialization (learning societal norms) with socializing (hanging out casually with friends).

Fun facts

  • Feral children who grow up without human socialization often struggle permanently to acquire complex language or social norms.
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