adversary
AD-ver-sehr-ee
/ˈædvərˌsɛri/
One's opponent in a contest, conflict, or dispute.
Carries a formal, serious, and sometimes hostile tone. It suggests a clear opponent in a structured conflict, like a trial, war, or chess match.
The story behind the word. Adversary comes from the Latin 'adversarius', which is derived from 'ad-' (to, toward) and 'vertere' (to turn). An adversary is literally someone who has turned to face you as an opponent, standing directly in your path.
Word relationships
- opponent: Opponent is neutral and can be friendly; adversary carries a heavier, more adversarial or hostile weight.
- enemy: An enemy is driven by hatred and a desire to harm; an adversary is simply on the opposing side of a conflict.
- ally: An ally is a partner who actively supports your cause.
- supporter: A supporter provides aid or approval to your side of the dispute.
Commonly confused with
- adversity: An adversary is an opponent (a person); adversity is a state of hardship or misfortune (a situation).
Word family
- adversarial (adjective): Involving or characterized by conflict or opposition.
Collocations
- formidable adversary
- worthy adversary
- political adversary
- ancient adversary
Example sentences
- "He saw his adversary standing across the ring, eyes focused and ready for the opening bell." Sports competition
Memory hook
An ADVERSARY is someone who brings ADVERSITY into your life by standing against you. Turned against you.
When not to use
Do not use for a friendly competitor in a casual game; 'adversary' implies a genuine obstacle or hostile opponent.
Fun facts
- In legal systems, the 'adversarial system' is one where two advocates represent their parties' positions before an impartial judge or jury.
Related words
Explore more words
antagonist, adversity, adjudicate, dispute, confrontation, enmity
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