handicap
HAN-dee-kap
/ˈhændikæp/
A numerical measure of a golfer's potential playing ability, used to enable players of different skills to compete against each other.
In golf, a lower handicap indicates a better player. In general English, it refers to a disadvantage or obstacle.
The story behind the word. The word comes from an old English game called 'hand-in-cap,' where players placed hands containing money into a cap to seal a trade of unequal goods. An umpire would determine the value difference, and the players had to agree to the trade by withdrawing their hands with or without money. This concept of equalizing an unequal transaction eventually moved to horse racing and then to golf.
Word relationships
- allowance: Allowance is a general term for a concession, while handicap is a precise, mathematically calculated rating in sports.
- advantage: An advantage puts someone ahead, whereas a handicap is a disadvantage or an adjustment to equalize a disadvantage.
Commonly confused with
- score: Score is the actual number of strokes taken in a round, while handicap is a rating used to adjust that score.
Word family
- handicapped (adjective): Disadvantaged or restricted.
- handicapping (noun): The activity of assigning handicaps.
Collocations
- official handicap
- single-digit handicap
- calculate a handicap
- handicap system
Example sentences
- "His handicap was down to single digits, a testament to his dedication over the summer." Discussing a player's skill level.
- "A lack of funding will severely handicap the research team's ability to finish the project." Using the word as a verb in a general context.
Memory hook
Imagine putting your 'hand in a cap' to draw a number that helps you play fairly against a pro. Hand in cap to make it fair.
When not to use
Avoid using 'handicapped' to describe people with disabilities in modern contexts, as 'disabled' or 'person with a disability' is preferred. Keep 'handicap' to sports, gaming, or abstract obstacles.
Fun facts
- The golf handicap system was formalized in the late 19th century to allow ladies and gentlemen of varying skills to play competitive matches together.
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