reference

REF-ur-unss /ˈref.ər.əns/
nounverbB1SATACTTOEFLIELTS
generalacademic

A source of information, or the act of consulting a source; in libraries, a collection of books that cannot be borrowed but must be read on-site.

Reference books (like encyclopedias and dictionaries) are designed for finding quick facts rather than reading from cover to cover, which is why libraries keep them on-site.

The story behind the word. The Latin verb 'referre' literally meant 'to carry back'. When you reference a book, you are 'carrying your attention back' to the source of the information to verify a fact or find support for your argument.

Word relationships

  • citation: A citation is a formal note pointing to a specific source, while reference can mean the source itself or the act of looking at it.
  • consultation: Consultation is the act of seeking advice or information, whereas reference refers to the material or source being consulted.

Commonly confused with

  • reverence: Reverence is deep respect, while reference is the act of referring to or consulting a source of information.

Word family

  • refer (verb): To direct attention to or consult a source.
  • referential (adjective): Containing or using references.

Collocations

  • reference book
  • reference desk
  • cross-reference

Example sentences

  • "The reference section contains dictionaries, atlases, and encyclopedias that cannot be checked out of the building." A guide to library layout.

Memory hook

Think of 'referring' a friend to a doctor. A reference book refers your brain to the correct facts. Reference carries you back to the source.

When not to use

Do not use reference to describe a fiction book or a biography that you read for entertainment; it must be a source consulted for specific facts.

Fun facts

  • Reference librarians are trained research experts who can help you find answers to almost any question, from historical records to obscure scientific data.

Related words

manuscript, stacks

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