laundering

LAWN-der-ing /ˈlɔːndərɪŋ/
nounverbB2IELTSGMATUPSC
LegalFinancialJournalistic

The process of making large amounts of money generated by a criminal activity appear to have come from a legitimate source.

It involves three stages: placement (putting the money in a bank), layering (moving it around), and integration (bringing it back as 'clean' money).

The story behind the word. The term 'money laundering' is a metaphor: taking 'dirty' money and 'washing' it until it looks clean. Legend says Al Capone used a chain of coin-operated laundromats to hide his illegal income, though the term didn't become common in legal circles until the Watergate scandal in the 1970s.

Word relationships

  • cleaning: A colloquial, less formal term for the same process.

Commonly confused with

  • embezzlement: Embezzlement is stealing money you were trusted with; laundering is hiding the source of stolen or illegal money.

Word family

  • launder (verb): To wash; to process illegal money.
  • launderer (noun): A person who launders money.

Collocations

  • money laundering
  • laundering scheme
  • anti-money laundering (AML)
  • laundering operation

Example sentences

  • "The bank was fined millions for failing to prevent the laundering of cartel profits through its offshore accounts." A financial investigation.
  • "Money laundering is the lifeblood of organized crime, allowing kingpins to enjoy their wealth without attracting tax audits." Explaining the concept.

Memory hook

Imagine putting dirty dollar bills into a washing machine and they come out sparkling clean. Laundering is 'washing' dirty money clean.

When not to use

Do not use for simply hiding money under a mattress; laundering requires the money to pass through a legitimate-looking system.

Fun facts

  • The first actual use of the term in a legal case was in 1982 in the United States.
  • Global money laundering is estimated to be 2-5% of global GDP.

Related words

front, illicit, racketeering

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