sarcasm
SAR-kaz-um
/ˈsɑːr.kæz.əm/
The use of irony to mock or convey contempt.
A specific form of verbal irony that is sharp, personal, and delivered with a distinctive vocal tone intended to hurt or deride.
The story behind the word. Derived from Late Latin 'sarcasmus', from Greek 'sarkazein', which literally means 'to tear flesh like dogs' or 'to gnash the teeth in rage'. Over time, the physical imagery of ripping flesh softened into the metaphorical cutting action of sharp, contemptuous words.
Word relationships
- derision: 'Derision' is direct scorn, while 'sarcasm' uses indirect verbal reversal to mock.
- mockery: 'Mockery' can take physical or structural forms, whereas 'sarcasm' is primarily vocal/linguistic.
- praise: Praise expresses genuine approval rather than mocking contempt.
- earnestness: Earnestness reflects sincere, serious expression without double meanings.
Commonly confused with
- irony: Irony is a broad linguistic or situational concept; sarcasm is a specific, aggressive tone used to mock.
Word family
- sarcastic (adjective): Marked by or given to using sarcasm.
- sarcastically (adverb): In a sarcastic manner.
Collocations
- heavy sarcasm
- dripping with sarcasm
- bite of sarcasm
- detect sarcasm
Example sentences
- "'Oh, brilliant idea, leaving the keys inside the locked trunk,' she said, her voice dripping with sharp sarcasm." Novel / Dialogue
- "Researchers noted that interpreting sarcasm requires recognizing subtle changes in pitch and facial expression." Psychology Study
Memory hook
Words so sharp they tear flesh (sark-azein). Irony used as a sharp verbal weapon.
When not to use
Avoid in professional, high-stakes formal writing where clear, courteous communication is expected.
Fun facts
- Neuroscientists have discovered that processing sarcasm requires the brain to work harder than processing literal statements, engaging both the left and right hemispheres simultaneously.
Take your vocabulary further with LangBlitz
Our English vocabulary app: FSRS spaced repetition, 5,000+ curated words across 119 topic groups, CEFR A1 to C2. Explore your mastery with the beautiful Vocabulary World feature.