fatigue
fuh-TEEG
/fəˈtiːɡ/
Extreme tiredness resulting from mental or physical exertion or illness; the weakening of a material caused by repeatedly applied loads.
In human factors, it refers to a state of reduced physical or mental capacity that impairs performance, often caused by lack of sleep, heavy workload, or repetitive tasks.
The story behind the word. The Latin verb 'fatigare' originally meant 'to fill to overflowing' or 'to drive to exhaustion,' possibly related to 'affatim' (sufficiently). It entered English in the 17th century, initially describing physical weariness before expanding to describe metal fatigue in engineering.
Word relationships
- exhaustion: Exhaustion is the absolute end-state of running out of energy, while fatigue is the progressive decline in performance and energy.
- vigor: Vigor refers to physical strength and good health, representing the opposite of a fatigued state.
Commonly confused with
- tiredness: Tiredness is a common, everyday feeling resolved by rest, whereas fatigue can be chronic, systemic, and highly disruptive to cognitive and physical functions.
Word family
- fatigued (adjective): Extremely tired or exhausted.
- fatiguing (adjective): Causing weariness or exhaustion.
Collocations
- muscle fatigue
- mental fatigue
- fatigue management
- material fatigue
Example sentences
- "Long shifts without adequate breaks can lead to physical fatigue, increasing the risk of workplace accidents." Workplace safety
Memory hook
Fatigue sounds like 'fading.' When you experience fatigue, your energy and focus are fading away. Fatigue = Fading energy.
When not to use
Do not use for simple, fleeting sleepiness that can be cured by a quick yawn; fatigue is a deeper, more persistent state of exhaustion.
Fun facts
- In engineering, 'metal fatigue' was first recognized in the 19th century when railway axles began mysteriously snapping after repeated use, even though they were carrying normal loads.
Related words
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