circular

SER-kyuh-ler /ˈsɜːrkjələr/
adjectiveB2IELTSTOEFL
EconomicEnvironmental

Having the form of a circle; in economics, referring to a system where waste is minimized and resources are reused.

The 'circular economy' is a specific model that contrasts with the 'linear economy' (take-make-dispose).

The story behind the word. From the Latin 'circulus,' a diminutive of 'circus' (ring). It has moved from describing a geometric shape to describing a sophisticated economic system where nothing is wasted.

Word relationships

  • cyclic: Cyclic refers to things that happen in cycles over time; circular refers to the shape or the flow of materials.
  • linear: Progressing from one stage to another in a single series of steps.

Commonly confused with

  • cyclic: Cyclic often describes patterns in time, while circular describes a closed-loop system of materials.

Word family

  • circularity (noun): The state of being circular.
  • circulate (verb): To move around a closed system.

Collocations

  • circular economy
  • circular design
  • circular flow

Idioms & expressions

  • come full circle

Example sentences

  • "A circular economy is restorative and regenerative by design." Economic theory. (Ellen MacArthur Foundation)
  • "The transition to a circular model requires rethinking how we design electronic components for easy recovery." Sustainability strategy.

Memory hook

Think of a 'circle' where the end of a product's life meets the beginning of a new one. Round and round.

When not to use

Don't use it to mean 'repetitive' in a negative sense (like a circular argument) when discussing sustainability.

Fun facts

  • The circular economy is estimated to be a $4.5 trillion economic opportunity by 2030.

Related words

sustainable, recovery

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