surplus
SUR-plus
/ˈsɜːrpləs/
An amount of something left over when requirements have been met; an excess of production or supply over demand.
In finance, it refers to when income exceeds expenses, resulting in extra money.
The story behind the word. The word 'surplus' comes from the Old French 'surplus,' which literally means 'over-plus' or 'above what is due.' It combines 'sur-' (meaning 'over' or 'above') and 'plus' (meaning 'more'). So, it's simply 'more than what's needed' – a clear and concise origin for a clear concept.
Word relationships
- excess: Can be used interchangeably, but 'surplus' often implies a desirable or managed excess, while 'excess' can sometimes imply too much.
- remainder: What is left over after other parts have been taken away; 'surplus' often refers to an intentional or planned excess.
- deficit: A shortfall or shortage, the direct opposite of a surplus.
- shortage: A state or situation in which something needed cannot be obtained in sufficient amounts.
Commonly confused with
- profit: 'Profit' is typically used in a business context (revenue minus costs); 'surplus' is broader and can apply to budgets, resources, etc.
Collocations
- budget surplus
- trade surplus
- food surplus
- generate a surplus
- accumulate surplus
Example sentences
- "For the first time in years, the national budget showed a significant surplus, allowing for investment in public services." Government finance.
- "After careful budgeting, they found they had a small monthly surplus that they could add to their savings." Personal budgeting.
- "A trade surplus occurs when a country's exports exceed its imports." Economic context.
Memory hook
When you have a 'surplus,' you have 'more' than you need, it's 'over' the top! Over and above
When not to use
Do not use 'surplus' for a small, insignificant amount left over; it usually implies a noticeable or significant excess.
Fun facts
- In agriculture, a 'crop surplus' can lead to lower prices for farmers if not managed effectively.
Explore more words
Consumer Surplus, abundance, Supply, supplementary, supplement
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