polyphonic

pol-ee-FON-ik /ˌpɒliˈfɒnɪk/
adjectiveC2GRE
academicmusicalliterary

Producing many sounds simultaneously; (in music) consisting of two or more simultaneous lines of independent melody.

In music, it contrasts with 'monophonic' (one melody) or 'homophonic' (melody with chords). In literature, it refers to a story with many independent voices or viewpoints.

The story behind the word. From Greek 'poly-' and 'phōnē' (voice or sound). This is the same root found in 'telephone' and 'phonics'.

Word relationships

  • contrapuntal: Contrapuntal is a more technical musical term for the same concept.
  • monophonic: Consisting of a single musical line or voice.

Commonly confused with

  • cacophonous: Cacophonous means harsh, discordant noise; polyphonic means multiple harmonious or independent melodies.

Word family

  • polyphony (noun): The style of simultaneously combining a number of parts, each forming an individual melody.

Collocations

  • polyphonic texture
  • polyphonic ringtone
  • polyphonic novel

Example sentences

  • "The late Renaissance was the golden age of polyphonic choral music, exemplified by the works of Palestrina." Music history.
  • "Dostoevsky's novels are often described as polyphonic because they give equal weight to many conflicting character perspectives." Literary theory.

Memory hook

Poly (many) + Phone (sounds). Like an old phone that could play multiple notes at once in a ringtone. Many voices.

When not to use

Don't use it just to mean 'loud' or 'noisy'. It implies a structured complexity of different sounds.

Fun facts

  • Before smartphones, 'polyphonic ringtones' were a major selling point for mobile phones in the early 2000s.

Related words

polysemy, polyglot

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