untouched

un-TUCHT /ʌnˈtʌtʃt/
adjectiveB1IELTSTOEFL
general

Not affected, changed, damaged, or modified by human intervention.

A straightforward physical description indicating that human contact or disturbance has not occurred.

The story behind the word. Formed by combining the Germanic prefix un- (expressing negation) with the verb touch (from Old French tochier, originally imitative of a light strike). It has straightforwardly meant 'not physically handled or altered' since Middle English.

Word relationships

  • unaltered: Unaltered refers to anything unchanged, while untouched specifically highlights absence of physical contact or damage.
  • disturbed: Disturbed indicates human or natural disruption.

Commonly confused with

  • pristine: Pristine carries a high stylistic tone of immaculate beauty; untouched is neutral and literal.

Word family

  • touch (verb): To bring a hand or object into contact with something.

Collocations

  • untouched wilderness
  • virtually untouched
  • remain untouched

Example sentences

  • "The island's inner valleys remained untouched by modern industry." Geography

Memory hook

UN (not) + TOUCHED = no hands have ever touched it. Untouched = zero contact.

When not to use

Avoid when you want to convey a poetic sense of ancient wonder; use primeval or pristine instead.

Fun facts

  • Food left on a plate at dinner can also be called 'untouched,' proving how versatile the physical root is.

Related words

pristine, uncharted

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