dielectric
dy-ih-LEK-trik
/ˌdaɪɪˈlɛktrɪk/
An electrical insulator that can be polarized by an applied electric field, storing electrostatic energy.
Unlike simple non-conductors, dielectrics actively hold shifted atomic charges when exposed to electric fields.
The story behind the word. Coined by William Whewell at the request of Michael Faraday from Greek 'dia' (through) + 'electric'. It describes materials through which electric field force lines can act without current flowing.
Word relationships
- insulator: An insulator prevents current flow; a dielectric is an insulator evaluated specifically for its electric field storage ability.
- conductor: Conductors allow charge to flow freely, whereas dielectrics hold charges fixed in place while polarizing.
Commonly confused with
- electrolyte: An electrolyte conducts current via dissolved ions, whereas a dielectric is an insulator that polarizes under voltage.
Word family
- dielectrically (adverb): In a manner pertaining to dielectrics.
Collocations
- dielectric constant
- dielectric breakdown
- dielectric strength
- dielectric material
Example sentences
- "Ceramic materials serve as efficient dielectric layers between metal plates in modern capacitors." Capacitor technology documentation
- "Exceeding the maximum dielectric strength causes electrical breakdown and permanent sparks through the material." Insulator breakdown research
Memory hook
DIA = THROUGH electric field lines pass WITHOUT current. An insulating material that stores electric fields.
When not to use
Do not use as a synonym for simple electrical insulation when polarization properties are irrelevant.
Fun facts
- Pure water has a very high dielectric constant (about 80), making it great at shielding electric charges at atomic scales.
Related words
Explore more words
capacitance, insulator, semiconductor, inductance, insulate, photovoltaic
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