resistance
rih-ZISS-tunss
/rɪˈzɪstəns/
The degree to which a conductor opposes the passage of an electric current, converting electrical energy into heat.
Measures direct opposition to DC current; distinct from reactive opposition in AC circuits.
The story behind the word. From Latin 'resistere', meaning to stand back or oppose. In electricity, materials 'resist' electron movement, turning electrical flow into atomic vibration (heat).
Word relationships
- impedance: Impedance includes both resistance and reactance in alternating current systems.
- conductance: Conductance measures how easily current flows, whereas resistance measures opposition.
Commonly confused with
- reactance: Reactance opposes changing current without burning energy as heat; resistance directly dissipates power as heat.
Word family
- resist (verb): To oppose or withstand.
- resistor (noun): A physical component designed to introduce resistance into a circuit.
- resistive (adjective): Exhibiting or relating to electrical resistance.
Collocations
- electrical resistance
- internal resistance
- high resistance
- variable resistance
Idioms & expressions
- line of least resistance
Example sentences
- "According to Ohm's Law, current decreases when electrical resistance increases under constant voltage." Standard circuit analysis
- "Certain metals cooled near absolute zero lose all electrical resistance, becoming superconductors." Superconductivity research
Memory hook
RESISTANCE STANDS in the way of electric current. Electrical friction that creates heat.
When not to use
Do not confuse with political or biological resistance, though all mean standing against force.
Fun facts
- The human skin has high electrical resistance when dry (up to 100,000 ohms), but drops radically when wet.
Related words
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