Temperature

TEM-per-uh-cher /ˈtɛmprətʃər/
nounA1TOEFLIELTS
GeneralScientific

The degree or intensity of heat present in a substance or object, typically expressed according to a comparative scale and shown by a thermometer or perceived by touch; in physics, a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance.

Temperature is an intensive property (doesn't depend on the amount of substance) and is a measure of the 'hotness' or 'coldness' of a body. It dictates the direction of heat flow.

The story behind the word. The word 'temperature' comes from the Latin 'temperatura,' which originally meant 'mixture' or 'moderation.' It was used to describe the proper 'temper' or balance of qualities, like hot and cold. Over time, especially with the invention of thermometers, its meaning narrowed to specifically refer to the degree of hotness or coldness, becoming a precise scientific measurement.

Word relationships

  • Warmth: A moderate degree of heat; 'temperature' is a precise measurement.
  • Hotness: The quality of being hot; 'temperature' is the quantitative measure.
  • Coldness: The quality of being cold; low temperature.

Commonly confused with

  • Heat: Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles; heat is the transfer of thermal energy due to a temperature difference.

Word family

  • temperamental (adjective): relating to a person's temperament, often implying moodiness (less direct link to heat/cold)
  • temperate (adjective): mild, moderate (often referring to climate)

Collocations

  • high temperature
  • low temperature
  • body temperature
  • room temperature
  • absolute temperature
  • measure temperature

Idioms & expressions

  • take one's temperature

Example sentences

  • "The temperature in the desert can reach extreme highs during the day and drop significantly at night." Measuring environmental conditions.
  • "The doctor checked the patient's temperature to see if they had a fever." In a medical context.

Memory hook

TEMPERATURE tells you the TEMPER of the air – is it hot or cold? Degree of Hotness

When not to use

As a direct synonym for 'heat' in scientific contexts, as they are distinct concepts. Temperature is a measure of intensity, while heat is the transfer of energy.

Fun facts

  • The Kelvin scale is an absolute temperature scale, where 0 Kelvin (absolute zero) is the theoretical lowest possible temperature.
  • The human body's normal temperature is around 37 degrees Celsius (98.6 degrees Fahrenheit).
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