freethought
FREE-thawt
/ˈfriːθɔːt/
Philosophical viewpoint holding that opinions should be formed on the basis of logic, reason, and empiricism rather than authority, tradition, or dogma.
Historically associated with 18th- and 19th-century freethinkers who challenged religious dogma and state censorship.
The story behind the word. Compound formed in late 17th-century England to describe critics of orthodox church doctrines. The term was popularized by Anthony Collins in his 1713 work 'A Discourse of Free-Thinking', where he argued that thinking freely is every person's right and duty.
Word relationships
- rationalism: 'Rationalism' is a broad epistemological philosophy; 'freethought' emphasizes actively rejecting imposed religious authority.
- dogmatism: 'Dogmatism' demands adherence to doctrines laid down by authority without question.
Commonly confused with
- free thinking: 'Free thinking' (two words) can mean uninhibited brainstorming; 'freethought' (one word) is a political-philosophical movement.
Word family
- freethinker (noun): A person who forms opinions on the basis of reason independently of authority.
Collocations
- champion freethought
- freethought movement
- tradition of freethought
- freethought literature
Example sentences
- "In the late nineteenth century, freethought halls flourished across Britain as venues for secular debates and scientific lectures." 19th Century History
- "Voltaire became an international symbol of freethought by relentless criticism of religious fanatism and censorship." Philosophical Criticism
Memory hook
FREE + THOUGHT: Thinking free from the shackles of imposed dogma. Reason over religious dogma.
When not to use
Do not use as a generic phrase for creative daydreaming or brainstorming.
Fun facts
- In 19th-century America, 'Freethought towns' like Rational, Kansas, were explicitly founded by secular pioneers.
Related words
Explore more words
freethinker, rationalism, positivism, empiricism, skeptic, skepticism
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