predatory

PRED-uh-tor-ee /ˈprɛdətɔːri/
adjectiveC1GREGMATSATUPSC
FormalBusinessLegal

Seeking to exploit, victimize, or destroy others for personal or financial gain; in economics, pricing below cost to eliminate competition.

In business contexts, describes deliberate short-term financial sacrifice to eliminate weaker rivals and gain monopoly control later.

The story behind the word. Tracing back to Latin 'praedator' (a pillager or plunderer, from 'praeda', meaning loot or prey), the term spent centuries describing wild beasts hunting prey. It entered economic vocabulary in the early 20th century as antitrust theorists described dominant corporate 'predators' hunting down smaller 'prey' companies.

Word relationships

  • cutthroat: Cutthroat describes fierce or intense competition; predatory specifies intentional exploitation to destroy rivals.
  • exploitative: Exploitative focuses on taking unfair advantage of someone, whereas predatory implies active destruction of a competitor.
  • fair-trading: Conducting business ethically according to established market norms without intent to destroy rivals.

Commonly confused with

  • preparatory: Preparatory means serving as preparation; predatory means hunting or exploiting others.

Word family

  • predator (noun): An entity that preys on others.
  • predation (noun): The act of preying upon or exploiting others.

Collocations

  • predatory pricing
  • predatory lending
  • predatory tactics
  • predatory behavior

Idioms & expressions

  • wolf in sheep's clothing

Example sentences

  • "The court investigated the mega-retailer for predatory pricing designed to drive local bookshops into bankruptcy." Antitrust enforcement report
  • "Predatory lending practices targeted vulnerable homeowners with misleading interest rates prior to the financial crisis." Financial regulation analysis

Memory hook

PREDATOR = A beast hunting prey. Predatory pricing hunts smaller competitors to kill them. Predatory = Hunting competitors to destroy them.

When not to use

Do not use for normal aggressive discounting that is backed by genuine efficiency or low production costs.

Fun facts

  • To win a 'predatory pricing' antitrust case, regulators must prove not only that a firm sold goods below cost, but that it had a realistic plan to raise prices way up after rivals went bankrupt.
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