specification

spes-uh-fi-KEY-shuhn /ˌspɛsɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/
nounB2TOEFLIELTSGMAT
professionaltechnical

A detailed description of the design and materials used to make something, including precise measurements and technical requirements.

Often abbreviated as 'spec,' this document is a binding technical blueprint that leaves no room for interpretation by manufacturers.

The story behind the word. Originating from the Medieval Latin 'specificationem', which comes from 'specificare' ('to mention particularly'). This is built from Latin 'species' (appearance, kind) and 'facere' (to make). It emerged in English in the 17th century to describe detailed legal and technical descriptions.

Word relationships

  • blueprint: A blueprint is specifically a visual drawing of a structure, while a specification is a comprehensive document detailing materials, tolerances, and technical standards.
  • requirement: A requirement is a high-level need (e.g., 'must be waterproof'), whereas a specification is the exact technical detail of how that need is met.

Commonly confused with

  • generalization: A generalization is a broad statement, whereas a specification is an extremely precise and detailed technical point.

Word family

  • specify (verb): Identify clearly and definitely.
  • specific (adjective): Clearly defined or identified.

Collocations

  • technical specification
  • product specification
  • meet the specification
  • specification sheet

Example sentences

  • "The factory rejected the design because the specification sheet did not include the exact tolerances for the aluminum hinge." Manufacturing handoff
  • "We must adhere strictly to the product specification to ensure safety compliance." Product development

Memory hook

Think of 'specific-ation'—it is the act of making every single detail of a product incredibly 'specific' for the factory. Specification makes the details specific.

When not to use

Do not use when referring to vague, high-level ideas or creative briefs that lack precise technical data.

Fun facts

  • In the aerospace industry, a single bolt can have a specification document that is dozens of pages long, detailing its exact alloy, thread pitch, and heat treatment.

Related words

prototype, iterate

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