indemnity

in-DEM-nih-tee /inˈdɛmnɪti/
nounC1GREGMATUPSC
legalfinancialprofessional

Security or protection against a loss or other financial burden; a contractual agreement where one party promises to compensate the other for damages.

The 'principle of indemnity' is the foundation of insurance: it states that the policyholder should be restored to their pre-loss financial state, but should not profit or make a gain from a disaster.

The story behind the word. The Latin root 'damnum' means damage or loss. By adding the negative prefix 'in-', the Romans created 'indemnis', meaning 'not damaged' or 'unhurt'. To provide 'indemnity' is to legally guarantee that a person will be kept 'unhurt' by financial disaster.

Word relationships

  • compensation: Compensation is a broad term for any payment making up for loss or work, while indemnity is a specific legal guarantee to cover liabilities or damages.
  • reimbursement: Reimbursement is paying someone back for money they already spent, whereas indemnity can involve direct payment of damages before the insured pays out of pocket.
  • penalty: A penalty is a financial punishment or fine, whereas indemnity is a financial restoration of a loss.

Commonly confused with

  • liability: Liability is the legal obligation to pay for damage you caused; indemnity is the protection or payout that covers that obligation.

Word family

  • indemnify (verb): To compensate for loss or protect from legal responsibility.
  • indemnification (noun): The act of securing against loss or damage.

Collocations

  • indemnity clause
  • principle of indemnity
  • double indemnity
  • indemnity payment

Example sentences

  • "The principle of indemnity ensures that the policyholder is compensated for their actual loss but cannot profit from the disaster." Insurance Law

Memory hook

Indemnity keeps you 'in-the-money' (financially whole) after a 'damaging' (damnum) event. Indemnity makes you undamaged.

When not to use

Do not use as a synonym for a simple gift or bonus; it is strictly a compensatory payment designed to cover a specific loss.

Fun facts

  • The classic 1944 film noir 'Double Indemnity' revolves around an insurance scam involving a rare policy clause that pays double the face value in case of accidental death.

Related words

underwriter, claim, appraisal

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