impecunious

im-pi-KYOO-nee-us /ˌɪmpɪˈkjuːniəs/
adjectiveC2GRESAT
FormalLiterary

Having little or no money; habitually without money.

Often implies a chronic state of being short of money, not necessarily utterly destitute, but consistently struggling financially. It can also suggest a person who is habitually broke.

The story behind the word. 'Impecunious' comes from the Latin 'impecuniosus,' meaning 'without money.' It's formed from 'in-' (not, without) and 'pecuniosus' (wealthy), which in turn comes from 'pecunia' (money). So, literally, it means 'not having money.' It entered English in the early 17th century, describing someone habitually short on cash.

Word relationships

  • penurious: Can mean extremely poor, or extremely stingy.
  • penniless: Having no money; very poor.
  • wealthy: Having a great deal of money, possessions, or assets.
  • affluent: Having a great deal of money; wealthy.

Commonly confused with

  • frugal: 'Frugal' means careful with money; 'impecunious' means having little money, regardless of spending habits.

Word family

  • impecuniosity (noun): The state of being impecunious; habitual lack of money.

Collocations

  • impecunious artist
  • impecunious student
  • habitually impecunious

Example sentences

  • "The young writer, though brilliant, remained impecunious for years, often relying on the generosity of friends." Describing a struggling writer.
  • "Many once-prosperous families found themselves impecunious after the stock market crash, struggling to maintain their former lifestyles." From a historical account of a financial crisis.

Memory hook

Think of 'IM-PE-CUN-IOUS' as 'I'M PECK-ing for pennies' – constantly looking for small amounts of money. Pecking for pennies

When not to use

Too formal for everyday use. 'Broke' or 'short on cash' are more common for temporary lack of funds. 'Impecunious' suggests a more ingrained condition.

Fun facts

  • The Latin word 'pecunia' (money) is related to 'pecus' (cattle), as livestock was an early form of wealth. This connection is also seen in 'pecuniary,' meaning relating to money.

Related words

penurious, pauper, deprived

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