catabolism
kuh-TAB-uh-liz-um
/kəˈtæbəlɪzəm/
The breakdown of complex molecules in living organisms to form simpler ones, together with the release of energy.
The 'destructive' phase of metabolism that provides the fuel for cellular work.
The story behind the word. From the Greek 'kata' (down) and 'ballein' (to throw). It literally means 'throwing down'—tearing down complex structures to see what's inside.
Word relationships
- degradation: Degradation is a more general term for breaking down, while catabolism is specific to biological energy release.
- anabolism: The process of building up complex molecules.
Word family
- catabolic (adjective): Relating to catabolism.
Collocations
- muscle catabolism
- catabolic state
- catabolic hormone
Example sentences
- "During a long fast, the body enters a state of catabolism, breaking down muscle tissue for energy." Exercise physiology
- "Catabolism is the set of metabolic pathways that breaks down molecules into smaller units." Biochemistry text
Memory hook
Catabolism is like a 'Cat' shredding a couch—it breaks things down. Cata = Catastrophe (tearing down).
When not to use
Avoid using in casual conversation unless discussing biology or extreme fitness states.
Fun facts
- Adrenaline is a catabolic hormone because it triggers the breakdown of energy stores for a 'fight or flight' response.
Related words
Explore more words
metabolism, metabolic, break down, biodegradable, ferment, enzyme
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