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surveillance

ser-VAY-luhns /sərˈveɪləns/

nounC1GRESATTOEFLIELTS

formalneutral

Close observation, especially of a suspected spy or criminal.

Surveillance implies a continuous, systematic watch, often using technological means (cameras, listening devices) or a team of observers. It's more active and deliberate than simply 'watching.'

The story behind the word. Our word 'surveillance' is a direct import from French, where 'surveiller' means 'to watch over.' This French verb is built from 'sur-' (meaning 'over' or 'upon') and 'veiller' (meaning 'to watch'), which itself comes from the Latin 'vigilare' (to be watchful). So, when you're under surveillance, someone is literally 'watching over' you with a keen, vigilant eye.

Word relationships

monitoring: Broader, can apply to any system tracking data or activity.
observation: More general, can be casual or formal.
watch: More informal, can be a short-term act.

neglect: To fail to properly care for or observe.
inattention: Lack of attention.

Word family

surveil (verb): To keep under surveillance

Collocations

under surveillance
close surveillance
electronic surveillance
aerial surveillance
conduct surveillance
surveillance camera

Example sentences

"The intelligence agency maintained constant surveillance on the foreign diplomat, hoping to uncover his true intentions." The suspect was placed under constant surveillance by the police.
"Public spaces are increasingly equipped with surveillance cameras to deter crime and ensure safety." CCTV cameras provide surveillance in public areas.
"The debate over privacy rights often clashes with the perceived necessity of electronic surveillance in national security." Electronic surveillance is a powerful tool in counter-terrorism.

Memory hook

Think 'SURVey' and 'Vigilance' – a survey requires careful observation, and vigilance is being watchful. Surveillance combines both. SURVey + Vigilance = watch.

When not to use

Do not use 'surveillance' for a quick glance or casual observation. It denotes a sustained, often professional, monitoring effort.

Fun facts

The root 'vigilare' also gives us words like 'vigil' and 'vigilant,' all related to watching and alertness.