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proliferation

pruh-LIF-uh-RAY-shun prəˌlɪfəˈreɪʃən

nounC1GRETOEFLIELTS

Formal

A rapid increase in the number or amount of something, especially the spread of nuclear weapons to new countries.

Implies an uncontrolled, rapid, or undesirable increase or spread, particularly in the context of dangerous technologies or weapons.

The story behind the word. Our word 'proliferation' comes from the Latin `proles` meaning 'offspring' and `ferre` meaning 'to bear' or 'to carry.' So, it literally means 'to bear offspring' or 'to produce.' It entered English in the 17th century, initially in biology to describe rapid cell growth. Its more common modern sense of a rapid, often undesirable, increase or spread, especially of nuclear weapons, became prominent in the mid-20th century.

Word relationships

spread: More general; 'proliferation' implies rapidity and often an undesirable nature.
escalation: Refers to an increase in intensity or seriousness, not necessarily number or amount.
multiplication: Focuses on numerical increase, less on spread or danger.

reduction: A decrease in number or amount.
containment: The act of keeping something under control or within limits.
diminution: A reduction in size, extent, or importance.

Word family

proliferate (verb): To increase rapidly in number; to spread quickly.
proliferative (adjective): Relating to or characterized by proliferation.

Collocations

nuclear proliferation
weapons proliferation
rapid proliferation
proliferation risk
prevent proliferation

Example sentences

"The international community is deeply concerned about the proliferation of nuclear weapons, fearing a heightened risk of global conflict." Discussing the dangers of nuclear technology spreading.
"The proliferation of misinformation on social media platforms poses a significant challenge to public discourse." Referring to the rapid growth of a phenomenon.
"Uncontrolled cell proliferation is a hallmark of cancer development." In a biological context, referring to cell growth.

Memory hook

Think of 'PRO-LIFE-ration' – like life rapidly spreading and multiplying, but often in a way that causes problems, such as the spread of weapons. Rapid spread.

When not to use

For a controlled, planned, or generally positive increase, use 'growth,' 'expansion,' or 'development.' 'Proliferation' often carries a negative connotation.

Fun facts

The term 'nuclear proliferation' became a major concern and widely used phrase after the development of nuclear weapons during World War II.