consequentialism
kun-seh-kwen-SHUL-iz-um
/kənˌsɛkwɛnˈʃəlɪzəm/
The ethical theory that the morality of an action is judged solely by its consequences.
Evaluates outcomes rather than intentions or inherent rules; an action is right if its result is good.
The story behind the word. Philosopher G. E. M. Anscombe coined 'consequentialism' in her landmark 1958 essay 'Modern Moral Philosophy' to describe the view that an action's moral value lies in its results. It derives from Latin 'consequi' (to follow closely), emphasizing that moral worth follows after the final yield of an act.
Word relationships
- teleology: Teleology is the broader philosophical study of purpose or ends, of which consequentialism is a specific ethical branch.
- deontology: Deontology evaluates moral worth purely by adherence to duty or rules regardless of outcomes.
Commonly confused with
- utilitarianism: Consequentialism is the general umbrella category of outcome-based theories, whereas utilitarianism is a specific form defining good as net utility or happiness.
Word family
- consequentialist (noun): A person who subscribes to consequentialism
- consequentialist (adjective): Relating to or based on consequentialism
Collocations
- act consequentialism
- rule consequentialism
- embrace consequentialism
- consequentialism framework
Example sentences
- "Adherents of consequentialism argue that a lie is morally permissible if it prevents widespread panic and saves lives." Moral philosophy lecture
- "Opponents of consequentialism contend that sacrificing an innocent individual for the greater good violates basic rights." Political theory debate
Memory hook
Think of CONSEQUENCES + ISM: the belief (-ism) that consequences are all that count in judging moral worth. Consequences decide the moral score.
When not to use
Do not use for routine everyday decision-making or planning; it refers specifically to philosophical ethics.
Fun facts
- Anscombe originally coined the term 'consequentialism' as a pejorative criticism, but normative philosophers later adopted it as a neutral standard label.
Related words
Explore more words
consequence, utilitarian, consequential, outcome, accountability, principled
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