introspection

in-truh-SPEK-shuhn /ˌɪn.trəˈspɛk.ʃən/
nounC1GRESATTOEFL
generalacademic

The examination or observation of one's own mental and emotional processes.

Looking inward at one's own conscious thoughts and internal mental state.

The story behind the word. From Latin 'intro-' (inward) and 'specere' (to look at). Literally translates to 'looking inside'.

Word relationships

  • self-reflection: Self-reflection is informal everyday reflection, whereas introspection can be a formal method of mental observation.
  • extrospection: Observation of external physical world.

Commonly confused with

  • retrospection: Retrospection means looking back at past events; introspection means examining present internal mental states.

Word family

  • introspective (adjective): Given to examining one's own thoughts.
  • introspect (verb): To examine one's thoughts.

Collocations

  • deep introspection
  • quiet introspection
  • method of introspection

Example sentences

  • "Early psychologists relied on disciplined introspection to study the structure of human consciousness." Psychology

Memory hook

INTRO (inside) + SPEC (spectacles/look) = looking inside oneself. Looking inside your mind.

When not to use

Do not use when describing analyzing external data or other people's behavior.

Fun facts

  • Wilhelm Wundt established the first experimental psychology laboratory using structured introspection in 1879.
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