paradigm
PAIR-uh-dime
/ˈpær.ə.daɪm/
A typical pattern, exemplar, or overarching conceptual framework within which scientific theories and practices operate.
Refers to a whole foundational framework of assumptions and methods, not just a single idea or theory.
The story behind the word. Borrowed through Late Latin from Ancient Greek 'paradeigma', meaning pattern or model. It entered English in the late 15th century as a linguistic term for inflection patterns, but Thomas Kuhn popularized its modern scientific sense in 1962.
Word relationships
- framework: Framework is broader and can refer to any structured set of ideas, whereas paradigm specifically implies an accepted foundational model in a field.
- archetype: Archetype refers to a classic original example of something, rather than an overarching system of thought.
- anomaly: An anomaly is an observation that strays from or undermines the prevailing paradigm.
Commonly confused with
- paragon: A paragon is a person or thing regarded as a perfect model of excellence, whereas a paradigm is a conceptual model or pattern.
Word family
- paradigmatic (adjective): Serving as a typical example or model
- paradigmatically (adverb): In a paradigmatic manner
Collocations
- paradigm shift
- dominant paradigm
- shift the paradigm
- paradigmatic model
Example sentences
- "Thomas Kuhn argued that scientific progress occurs through periodic paradigm shifts rather than linear accumulation." Scientific philosophy history (The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (Thomas Kuhn))
- "The transition from Newtonian mechanics to general relativity marked a fundamental paradigm shift." Modern physics history
Memory hook
Think of a 'PAIR of DIMES' setting the standard pattern for pocket change. The master pattern of thought.
When not to use
Do not use for minor everyday habits or simple opinion changes.
Fun facts
- Thomas Kuhn used the word 'paradigm' in so many distinct senses in his 1962 book that critics counted over 21 different definitions.
Related words
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