paradigm
PA-ruh-dime
/ˈpærədaɪm/
A typical example or pattern of something; a model or a set of assumptions.
In sociology and science, it refers to the overarching framework of thought that defines a period or a discipline.
The story behind the word. From the Greek 'para' (beside) and 'deiknumi' (to show). It originally meant a 'pattern' or 'plan' shown beside the work being done. Thomas Kuhn popularized the term 'paradigm shift' in the 1960s.
Word relationships
- framework: A supporting structure, whereas a paradigm is the pattern or model itself.
- archetype: A very typical example of a certain person or thing, often more focused on personality or myth.
- anomaly: Something that deviates from what is standard, normal, or expected within a paradigm.
Commonly confused with
- theory: A theory is a specific explanation, while a paradigm is the broader worldview that allows that theory to exist.
Word family
- paradigmatic (adjective): serving as a typical example of something
Collocations
- paradigm shift
- dominant paradigm
- new paradigm
- paradigm case
Example sentences
- "The shift from a geocentric to a heliocentric model was a major paradigm shift in astronomy." Scientific theory development.
- "The structure of scientific revolutions is a shift in paradigm." The nature of scientific progress.
Memory hook
A 'pair of dimes' (paradigm) can be a pattern for a new coin design. A pattern that shows the way.
When not to use
Avoid using it as a fancy word for 'example' in casual conversation; it implies a deep, structural pattern.
Fun facts
- The term was originally used in grammar to describe a set of all the inflected forms of a single word.
- Thomas Kuhn's book is one of the most cited works in the history of social science.
Related words
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