electron
ih-LEK-tron
/ɪˈlɛktrɒn/
A stable subatomic particle with a negative elementary electric charge, found in all atoms and acting as the primary carrier of electricity in solids.
Electrons are fundamental leptons, meaning they are not composed of smaller particles. Their behavior dictates chemical bonding and electrical conductivity.
The story behind the word. The word 'electron' comes from the Ancient Greek word elektron, meaning 'amber.' This connection might seem strange, but amber was known to produce static electricity when rubbed, a phenomenon observed by the ancient Greeks. When the subatomic particle carrying negative charge was discovered, it was named 'electron' in 1891 by George Johnstone Stoney, referencing this ancient observation of electrical properties.
Word relationships
- beta particle: A high-energy electron or positron emitted during radioactive decay; 'electron' is the general name for the particle itself.
- positron: The antiparticle of the electron, with a positive charge.
Commonly confused with
- proton: A proton is a positively charged particle found in the nucleus, much more massive than an electron.
- neutron: A neutron is a neutral particle found in the nucleus, similar in mass to a proton.
Word family
- electric (adjective): relating to electricity
- electricity (noun): a form of energy resulting from the existence of charged particles
Collocations
- valence electron
- free electron
- electron shell
- electron microscope
Example sentences
- "The electron orbits the nucleus of an atom, held in place by electromagnetic attraction to the positively charged protons." Describing atomic structure.
- "The flow of electrons through a conductor constitutes an electric current." Explaining electrical phenomena.
- "J.J. Thomson discovered the electron in 1897, proving that atoms were not indivisible as previously thought." A historical note.
Memory hook
Think of 'ELECTRicity' flowing. What makes it flow? The 'electron'! Electricity particle
When not to use
Use 'electron' specifically for the subatomic particle. Do not use it as a general term for electricity or charge.
Fun facts
- Electrons are fundamental particles, meaning they are not made up of smaller components.
- The electron is about 1/1836th the mass of a proton.
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