empirical

im-PIR-i-kul /ɪmˈpɪrɪkl/
adjectiveC1GRETOEFLIELTS
academicformal

Based on, concerned with, or verifiable by observation or experience rather than theory or pure logic.

It emphasizes evidence derived from direct observation or experimentation, forming the bedrock of scientific inquiry.

The story behind the word. The word 'empirical' comes from the Greek 'empeirikos,' meaning 'experienced' or 'skilled in experience.' This, in turn, comes from 'empeiria,' meaning 'experience.' The root 'peira' means 'trial, experiment.' So, 'empirical' literally refers to knowledge gained through 'experience' or 'trial.' It's about what you can observe and test in the real world, rather than just thinking about it.

Word relationships

  • experimental: Based on or derived from experiment rather than theory.
  • observational: Based on or involving observation.
  • experiential: Based on or derived from experience.
  • theoretical: Based on or concerned with theory rather than practical application.
  • hypothetical: Of, based on, or serving as a hypothesis.
  • speculative: Based on conjecture rather than knowledge.

Word family

  • empiricism (noun): the theory that all knowledge is derived from sense-experience
  • empirically (adverb): by means of observation or experience

Collocations

  • empirical evidence
  • empirical data
  • empirical study
  • empirical research
  • empirical findings

Example sentences

  • "The claim required strong empirical evidence, not just anecdotal stories, to be accepted by the scientific community." A scientist discussing the nature of evidence.
  • "Her dissertation involved extensive empirical research, collecting data through surveys and field observations." Describing a type of research.

Memory hook

EMPERORS often relied on 'EMPIRICAL' (experienced) advisors, not just theorists. Experience Based

When not to use

Do not use 'empirical' to describe something based on speculation, intuition, or purely theoretical reasoning. It specifically refers to evidence gathered through senses or systematic data collection.

Fun facts

  • The term 'empiric' was originally used for a school of ancient Greek physicians who based their practice on observation rather than philosophical theory.

Related words

methodology, hypothesis

LangBlitz
Take your vocabulary further with LangBlitz

Our English vocabulary app: FSRS spaced repetition, 5,000+ curated words across 119 topic groups, CEFR A1 to C2. Explore your mastery with the beautiful Vocabulary World feature.