Peripheral

puh-RIF-uh-ruhl /pəˈrɪfərəl/
nounadjectiveB2GRESAT
technicalgeneral

An auxiliary device connected to a computer, such as a printer, scanner, or external hard drive, that expands its functionality.

These devices are 'around the periphery' of the main computer, adding capabilities without being part of its core processing unit.

The story behind the word. The word 'Peripheral' comes from the Greek 'peripheria,' meaning 'circumference' or 'outer surface,' which is formed from 'peri-' (around) and 'pherein' (to carry). So, a peripheral device is literally something 'carried around' the main computer, existing on its 'circumference' or outer edge. It's an external device that extends the computer's capabilities without being part of its core.

Word relationships

  • accessory: More general, but often applies to peripherals.
  • add-on: Emphasizes that it's an additional component.
  • core: Refers to the central, essential part.
  • integral: Means essential or fundamental to the whole.

Commonly confused with

  • Component: All peripherals are components, but not all components (e.g., CPU, RAM) are peripherals.

Word family

  • periphery (noun): the outer limits or edge of an area or object.
  • peripherally (adverb): in a way that is not central or important.

Collocations

  • computer peripheral
  • input peripheral
  • output peripheral
  • external peripheral

Example sentences

  • "A good quality monitor and a comfortable keyboard are essential Peripheral devices for any productive workstation." Listing computer accessories
  • "The new USB-C port allows for a wide range of high-speed Peripheral connections, from external GPUs to docking stations." Discussing system expansion

Memory hook

Think of the perimeter of a shape – it's the boundary around the edge. A peripheral device is around the edge of your computer. Around the edge

When not to use

Do not use 'peripheral' to describe internal components like a CPU or RAM, which are integral to the computer's core function.

Fun facts

  • The first computer mouse, invented by Douglas Engelbart, is a classic example of an input peripheral.
  • Some peripherals, like external GPUs, can significantly boost a computer's performance for specific tasks.

Related words

Component

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