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analysis

uh-NAL-uh-sis /əˈnæləsɪs/

nounB2GRESATTOEFLIELTS

formalacademic

Detailed examination of the elements or structure of something, typically as a basis for discussion or interpretation.

Analysis involves breaking down a complex subject or substance into its constituent parts to study their relationships and draw conclusions. It's a critical step after data collection.

The story behind the word. The word 'analysis' comes from the Greek 'analyein,' which means 'to undo,' 'to unloose,' or 'to dissolve.' This verb is formed from 'ana-' (up, throughout) and 'lysis' (a loosening, setting free). The idea is to 'loosen up' or 'break down' a complex whole into its simpler parts to understand its structure. This ancient Greek concept perfectly describes the modern scientific process of dissecting data or a problem.

Word relationships

examination: Examination is a general term for looking closely; analysis specifically involves breaking down and interpreting parts.
investigation: Investigation is a broader inquiry; analysis is often a part of an investigation focused on understanding components.
scrutiny: Scrutiny implies very close, critical examination, often for flaws; analysis is more about understanding structure and meaning.

synthesis: Synthesis involves combining separate elements into a coherent whole, the opposite of breaking down.
overview: An overview is a general summary, not a detailed examination.

Word family

analyze (verb): To examine methodically and in detail the constitution or structure of something.
analyst (noun): A person who conducts analysis.
analytic (adjective): Relating to or using analysis or logical reasoning.

Collocations

data analysis
statistical analysis
critical analysis
financial analysis
SWOT analysis

Idioms & expressions

in the final analysis

Example sentences

"The forensic team conducted a detailed analysis of the crime scene evidence, looking for any overlooked clues." After collecting data, the next step is often analysis.
"Her economic analysis of the housing market predicted a slow but steady recovery over the next year." Economic analysis helps understand market trends.

Memory hook

Imagine 'ANNA' (ana) taking a 'LICE-SIS' (lysis) test, where she has to break down and examine tiny components. ANNA-LYSIS: Break down to understand.

When not to use

Avoid using 'analysis' for a superficial look or a quick summary. It implies a thorough, systematic, and often critical examination.

Fun facts

The opposite process of analysis is 'synthesis,' where individual parts are combined to form a new whole.