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hypothesis

hy-POTH-uh-sis /haɪˈpɒθəsɪs/

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A proposed explanation for a phenomenon, often based on limited evidence, that can be tested by further investigation.

A hypothesis is a starting point for investigation, a testable statement, not yet proven. It's more specific and less substantiated than a theory.

The story behind the word. The word 'hypothesis' comes from the Greek 'hypotithenai,' meaning 'to put under' or 'to suppose.' It literally combines 'hypo-' (under) and 'thesis' (a placing or proposition). This origin perfectly captures its meaning: a hypothesis is an idea 'placed under' consideration, a foundational assumption or proposition upon which an argument or experiment is built.

Word relationships

conjecture: Conjecture implies a guess or opinion without much evidence, whereas a hypothesis is specifically formulated for testing.
postulate: Postulate often refers to a fundamental assumption or principle, while a hypothesis is a specific testable statement about a relationship.

fact: A fact is a proven truth, while a hypothesis is an unproven proposition.
theory: A theory is a well-substantiated explanation, while a hypothesis is a testable idea.

Commonly confused with

theory: A hypothesis is a specific, testable prediction; a theory is a broad, well-supported explanation for a wide range of phenomena.

Word family

hypothesize (verb): To form a hypothesis; to make an educated guess.
hypothetical (adjective): Based on a hypothesis; imagined or supposed.

Collocations

formulate a hypothesis
test a hypothesis
support a hypothesis
reject a hypothesis
working hypothesis

Example sentences

"The scientist's hypothesis was that increased sunlight exposure would lead to faster plant growth, which they then set out to test." In a scientific study, researchers often begin by formulating a clear hypothesis.
"He proposed a fascinating hypothesis about the origin of the universe, but admitted it would be incredibly difficult to prove or disprove." A key characteristic of a good hypothesis is its testability.

Memory hook

Imagine a 'HIPPO' (hypo) wearing a 'THESIS' (thesis) hat, making a wild but testable guess about the world. HIPPO-THESIS: Testable guess.

When not to use

Do not use 'hypothesis' when referring to a well-established, widely accepted explanation (that would be a 'theory') or a mere guess without any basis for testing.

Fun facts

In ancient Greek philosophy, a 'hypothesis' could also refer to a premise in a logical argument.