experiment

ik-SPER-uh-ment /ɪkˈspɛrɪmənt/
nounverbB1SAT
generalscientific

As a noun: A scientific procedure undertaken to make a discovery, test a hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact. As a verb: To perform a scientific experiment.

Experiments are designed to control variables and observe specific outcomes, allowing for cause-and-effect relationships to be identified.

The story behind the word. The word 'experiment' comes from the Latin verb 'experiri,' meaning 'to try' or 'to test.' This root also gives us words like 'experience.' An experiment, therefore, is literally a 'trying out' or a 'testing' of an idea or a process to see what happens, much like gaining experience through trial.

Word relationships

  • test: A test can be a simple check; an experiment implies a more formal, controlled procedure to gather data.
  • trial: Similar to a test, often implying a preliminary or exploratory attempt.

Word family

  • experimental (adjective): Relating to or based on experiment.
  • experimenter (noun): A person who conducts experiments.

Collocations

  • conduct an experiment
  • design an experiment
  • controlled experiment
  • scientific experiment

Idioms & expressions

  • trial and error (a method of experimenting)

Example sentences

  • "For the science fair, she designed an experiment to see which type of fertilizer made plants grow tallest." School science fair
  • "The researchers decided to experiment with different concentrations of the drug to find the optimal dosage." Research publication

Memory hook

An 'EXPERT' scientist performs an 'EXPERIMENT' to gain 'EXPERIENCE'. EXPERI-ment: try it out

When not to use

While 'experiment' can be used informally (e.g., 'experiment with a new recipe'), in a scientific context, it implies a structured, controlled procedure.

Fun facts

  • The scientific method, which relies on experiments, became formalized during the Scientific Revolution in the 17th century.
  • The term 'thought experiment' refers to an imaginary experiment used to explore the implications of a theory or principle.

Related words

hypothesis, data

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