breakthrough

BRAYK-throo /ˈbreɪk.θruː/
nounB2TOEFLIELTSACT
generalscientific

A sudden, dramatic, and important discovery or development.

Suggests overcoming a specific barrier or obstacle that was previously holding back progress.

The story behind the word. Originally a military term from the early 20th century, it described an offensive that successfully broke through an enemy's defensive line.

Word relationships

  • discovery: Discovery is finding something that already existed; breakthrough is a leap in progress or understanding.
  • setback: A reversal in progress.

Commonly confused with

  • invention: An invention is the object itself; a breakthrough is the moment of progress.

Word family

  • break through (verb): To force a way through a barrier.

Collocations

  • major breakthrough
  • scientific breakthrough
  • achieve a breakthrough

Idioms & expressions

  • crack the code
  • turn the corner

Example sentences

  • "Researchers have made a major breakthrough in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease." Medical science
  • "This battery technology represents a significant breakthrough for electric vehicles." Technology

Memory hook

Imagine a wall of problems and your idea finally 'breaks through' to the other side. Breaking the wall.

When not to use

Don't use for slow, incremental progress; it must feel like a 'jump'.

Fun facts

  • The term gained popularity in scientific contexts only after World War II.

Related words

advance, pioneer

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