motif

moh-TEEF /moʊˈtiːf/
nounC1GRESATAP Literature
literaryacademic

A recurring image, object, phrase, or idea that helps to develop and inform the central theme of a literary work.

Must recur multiple times across a text to reinforce a broader abstract theme.

The story behind the word. Adapted from French motif (from Late Latin motivus, moving). It moved from describing a recurring musical melody to an author's recurring visual or thematic pattern.

Word relationships

  • leitmotif: Leitmotif comes from music theory and refers to a short recurring phrase associated with a specific person or idea.

Commonly confused with

  • theme: Theme is the central philosophical idea, while motif is a recurring concrete image or symbol that points to that theme.

Collocations

  • recurring motif
  • central motif
  • visual motif
  • dominant motif

Example sentences

  • "The recurring motif of ticking clocks underscores the protagonist's anxiety about mortality." Literary critique

Memory hook

A MOTIF MOTIVATES and keeps returning throughout the narrative. Recurring detail building a theme.

When not to use

Do not confuse motif with a theme itself; a motif is a concrete recurring detail, while a theme is the underlying abstract message.

Fun facts

  • In F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby, the green light at the end of Daisy's dock acts as a famous recurring motif.

Related words

denouement, subplot

Explore more words

trope, refrain, rhythm, auteur, recurrent, cohesion

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