collaboration

kuh-lab-uh-RAY-shun /kəˌlæbəˈreɪʃn/
nounB2IELTSTOEFLSAT
neutralbusiness

The action of working with someone to produce or create something.

Collaboration implies a deep integration of ideas, whereas 'cooperation' might just mean staying out of each other's way.

The story behind the word. The root is simple: 'laboring together.' It entered the English language in the mid-19th century, specifically to describe joint intellectual or artistic efforts.

Word relationships

  • partnership: Partnership is a formal relationship; collaboration is the actual act of working together.
  • isolation: Working alone without input from others.

Commonly confused with

  • cooperation: Cooperation is helping someone; collaboration is working with them on a shared goal.

Word family

  • collaborate (verb): To work together.
  • collaborative (adjective): Involving work together.

Collocations

  • close collaboration
  • cross-functional collaboration
  • spirit of collaboration

Example sentences

  • "The new software was the result of a close collaboration between the engineering and design teams." A tech company's design process.

Memory hook

Collaboration is a 'Co-Labor'—working together. Collaboration = Labors combined.

When not to use

In wartime history, 'collaboration' can mean traitorously working with an enemy; be careful in historical contexts.

Fun facts

  • The word 'collaboration' was rarely used in a positive sense until the 19th century; before then, it often implied working with an enemy.
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