meritocracy
mer-it-OCK-ruh-see
/ˌmerɪˈtɒkrəsi/
A system in which advancement is based on individual ability or achievement rather than wealth or social class.
While usually a goal, 'meritocracy' is often criticized because 'merit' can be subjective or influenced by existing privileges.
The story behind the word. The word was actually coined in 1958 by British sociologist Michael Young as a satirical term. He intended to warn against a future where the 'intelligent' elite looked down on everyone else, but the world adopted it as a positive ideal.
Word relationships
- fairness: Fairness is a general quality; meritocracy is a specific system of advancement.
- nepotism: The practice of giving jobs to relatives or friends regardless of merit.
Commonly confused with
- aristocracy: Aristocracy is rule by the 'best' (by birth); meritocracy is rule by the 'best' (by achievement).
Word family
- merit (noun): The quality of being particularly good.
- meritorious (adjective): Deserving reward or praise.
Collocations
- pure meritocracy
- strive for meritocracy
- corporate meritocracy
Example sentences
- "The idea of a meritocracy is a powerful myth that justifies the success of the winners while blaming the losers for their failure." A critique of modern society.
Memory hook
A 'Meritocracy' is a 'Merit-O-Cracy'—power based on merit. Meritocracy = Earned power.
When not to use
Don't use it to describe a simple contest; it refers to a whole social or organizational system.
Fun facts
- Michael Young, who coined the term, was reportedly disappointed that people started using 'meritocracy' as a positive word.
Related words
Explore more words
advancement, egalitarian, underprivileged, mobility, nepotism, scholarship
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