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dependency

dih-PEN-dun-see /dɪˈpɛndənsi/

nounB2GRETOEFLIELTS

formalmedicalgeneral

The state of being reliant on something, especially a drug or alcohol, to function normally; often refers to physical reliance where withdrawal symptoms occur if the substance is stopped.

While often linked to addiction, 'dependency' can exist without the compulsive drug-seeking behavior characteristic of addiction. For example, a patient on prescribed pain medication might develop physical dependency but not addiction.

The story behind the word. The word 'dependency' traces back to the Latin dependere, meaning 'to hang down from, be suspended from.' This verb is formed from de- 'down' and pendere 'to hang.' The idea is that one's state or existence 'hangs' from or is supported by something else. This perfectly illustrates the feeling of needing a substance to 'hold you up' or function, lest you 'fall down' into withdrawal.

Word relationships

reliance: A general term for needing something; 'dependency' often implies a stronger, sometimes problematic, need.
addiction: While related, 'addiction' includes compulsive behavior and brain changes, whereas 'dependency' can be purely physical.

independence: The state of being self-reliant and not needing support from others.
autonomy: The right or condition of self-government.

Commonly confused with

addiction: Dependency is a physical or psychological need for a substance to avoid withdrawal; addiction is a broader disease involving compulsive use, impaired control, and negative consequences.

Word family

dependent (adjective): Requiring someone or something for support.
depend (verb): To be controlled or determined by something.

Collocations

physical dependency
psychological dependency
drug dependency
alcohol dependency
financial dependency

Example sentences

"Long-term use of certain medications can lead to physical dependency, requiring a gradual tapering-off process." In a medical consultation.
"The country's economic dependency on a single export commodity made it vulnerable to market fluctuations." Discussing economic relationships.

Memory hook

DEPENDENCY means you 'DEPEND' on something, like a child DEPENDS on a parent. DEPEND on

When not to use

Do not use 'dependency' as a direct synonym for 'addiction' if you need to highlight the compulsive behavioral aspects, as dependency can be purely physical.

Fun facts

The concept of 'co-dependency' describes a relationship where one person enables another's addiction or unhealthy behavior.
Some medications, like certain antidepressants, can cause physical dependency even when used as prescribed, leading to withdrawal symptoms if stopped abruptly.