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substance

SUB-stuns /ˈsʌbstəns/

nounB1TOEFLIELTS

generalscientificmedical

A particular kind of matter with uniform properties; in the context of abuse, any drug, chemical, or intoxicating agent.

While 'substance' can refer to any material, in the context of addiction, it specifically implies psychoactive compounds that can alter mood, perception, or behavior.

The story behind the word. The word 'substance' comes from the Latin substantia, meaning 'being, essence, material.' It's formed from sub- 'under' and stare 'to stand.' So, literally, a substance is that which 'stands under' or forms the underlying nature of something. This root gives us the idea of something fundamental and essential, which, when applied to drugs, refers to the core chemical agent.

Word relationships

drug: More specific than 'substance,' referring to a chemical that affects the body or mind.
chemical: Broader than 'substance,' referring to any chemical compound, but often used interchangeably in this context.

nothing: The absence of any material.

Commonly confused with

material: 'Material' is a broader term for matter; 'substance' often implies a more distinct, uniform composition or, in this context, a specific psychoactive agent.

Word family

substantial (adjective): Of considerable importance, size, or worth.
substantiate (verb): To provide evidence to support or prove the truth of.

Collocations

controlled substance
illicit substance
psychoactive substance
chemical substance
hazardous substance

Idioms & expressions

of substance (of importance)

Example sentences

"The new legislation aims to control the sale of certain psychoactive substances that have been linked to public health concerns." Discussing the dangers of certain chemicals.
"Tests confirmed the presence of an illicit substance in the patient's system, explaining their altered state." In a medical report.

Memory hook

A SUBSTANCE is something that 'STANDS UNDER' the surface, often hidden or underlying a problem. STANDS UNDER

When not to use

Avoid using 'substance' as a euphemism for 'drugs' if directness is required and the context is clear. Sometimes, 'drugs' is simply the more appropriate term.

Fun facts

The philosophical meaning of 'substance' (the essential nature of something) predates its common scientific usage.
In legal contexts, 'controlled substance' refers to drugs regulated by government laws.